Previous research on the relationship between anxiety and impulsive behavior has resulted in mixed findings.
The extreme forms of impulsive behavior include aggressive or delinquent behaviors, substance dependence, and suicide attempts ( Askénazy et al., 2003). This study focuses on the relationship between anxiety and impulsive behavior (i.e., a range of non-rational tendencies such as difficulties in inhibiting voluntary responses, deficits in delaying gratification, and a low threshold for response). Exploring the cognitive and emotional components associated with anxiety is beneficial for both clinical and non-clinical studies ( Grupe and Nitschke, 2013).
Anxiety interrupts daily functions such as attention, working memory, and social skills, resulting in behavioral and cognitive biases ( Bishop, 2007). These results support the notion that anxiety individuals are impulsive decision-makers in the Delay Discounting Task.Īnxiety, an unpleasant emotional state that often directs an individual's response to threat-related information, plays a significant role in our everyday life ( Clark, 1999). For the delayed-option-evoked ERPs, the HTA group had larger N1 and RewP for the immediate choice than the LTA group did, while the LTA group had a larger P3 for the delayed choice than the HTA group did. Accordingly, this study found in the immediate-option-evoked ERPs that the HTA group had a larger N1 than the LTA group did. Third, the P3 is regarded as a measure of motivational significance in the decision-making literature. Second, the reward positivity (RewP) reflects reward-related dopaminergic activity and encodes reward values. First, the N1 is an early sensory component involved in selective attention and attention processing for goal-directed actions. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated three ERP components that are associated with impulsivity and/or delay discounting.
Compared with the LTA group, shorter response time was associated with immediate rewards in the HTA group. Our behavioral results indicated that the high trait anxiety (HTA) group made significantly more immediate choices than the low trait anxiety (LTA) group. Here we use event-related potential (ERP) components as biomarkers in the temporal discounting task to examine the effect of anxiety on inter-temporal decision-making. However, debate exists on the relationship between anxiety and impulsivity. Impulsivity, which is linked to a wide range of psychiatric disorders, is often characterized by a preference for immediate but smaller rewards over delayed but larger rewards. 5Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.4Department of Psychology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.3Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.2Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.1College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.Lisheng Xia 1 † Ruolei Gu 2 † Dandan Zhang 3 * Yuejia Luo 3,4,5
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